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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male reproductive system. The prostate contains smooth muscles that help expel semen during ejaculation. Secretions of the prostate constitute about 30% of the volume of semen. Prostate secretions are slightly alkaline which helps neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract thus prolonging the lifespan of sperm. The prostatic fluid is expelled in the first ejaculate fractions together with most of the spermatozoa. Sperm expelled in the first ejaculate have better motility, longer survival, and better protection of the genetic material.

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in which the prostate enlarges to the point where urination becomes difficult, often occurs in older men. Symptoms may include the need to urinate often. If the prostate grows too large it may constrict the urethra and impede the flow of urine making urination difficult and painful and, in extreme cases, impossible. BPH is usually treated succssfully with medication.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting older men in developed countries and a significant cause of death for elderly men. Interestingly, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported a connection between vasectomy and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Of 48,000 men who had vasectomies, 66% of them had higher rates of prostate cancer.